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Actually all or most is actually simple midi. At least on the keyboard/ controller & DAW ( digital audio workstation ) end midi is simply a digital instrument protocol. Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIDI. Midi records no sound only: time ( from the press of one key to the next ), pitch ( the key your in ) velocity ( the pressure of how hard or how softly your keystroke is ) and any other automation information like sustain pedals or the pitch bend on some keyboards as well as knobs , buttons and faders on supported units. The true power is using a hardware sampler or software such as NI kontakt or Mach 5. Or use a vst, vsti, dxi, mas, au, rtas software synth plugin in you favorite DAW like pro tools, digital performer, logic, acid, cubase, sonar.. or a stand-alone such as NI pro-53, NI massive... Or full featured software synth workstations like Propellerheads Reason/ Rebirth, storm, project 5, fl studio, reactor... Or for the truly geeky MAX/MSP or Buzz. All or most of these tools are controllable via MIDI as for non synth sounds when you press a key you trigger a synth sound from the soft synth some like for instance reason has a unit called dr. Rex player it loads .rex files and are created using recycle allowing you to make trigger slices with-in a audio file. Programs such as fl studio allow for virtually any audio file format to be placed as a sound on the step- sequencer. Midi is wonderful and it spans further than it's musical base midi cc ( continuous controller ) is used in automated lighting systems & robotics. Midi is way more than the dinky sounds of those 80's keyboard's those were only simple chip sounds using a gm ( general midi ) midi sound bank
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